The celebration dates back to 1934, when then-President Abelardo L. Rodríguez established the date to recognize charrería as the national sport par excellence. This September 14th is National Charro Day in Mexico.
Originally, the term “charro” had a pejorative connotation and was generally used to disparage rural people, but it was in Mexico where the word evolved and became synonymous with ranchero or “country horseman,” “skilled cowboy,” “magnificent rider,” and…
There is no doubt that if there is any image that for a long time—especially since the third decade of the 20th century—has frequently represented Mexican identity, it has been the figure of the charro.
But how did the word “charro” cross the Atlantic and acquire new meanings in our country, eventually becoming the symbol of national identity? Here are some clues to help you understand this process.
Originally, the word was used in Spain and referred to the horsemen of the Salamanca region, who used poles to control cattle.
Upon its arrival in our country, it was given various connotations, including those related to two marine species: the Decapterus hypodus and the Trachurus lathami; also known by fishermen and consumers as the charro fish or charrito. It is believed that it was given this name because of its silver belly, referring to the silver buttons that adorn the vest and jacket that make up the charro suit.
Similarly, in colloquial language, the word “charro!” or “charros!” takes on another meaning, such as “surprise or irritation.” as well as the most common and well-known one among us, which means “be careful!” or “attention!”
Already in the Dictionary of Common Spanish in Mexico—which presents with precision, rigor, and originality the uses, meanings, colloquial and popular expressions that Mexicans give to a wide list of words—the word “charro” is included, whose definition is: A person dedicated to cattle raising following Mexican rural traditions; skilled in the use of a lasso and in breaking in horses; characterized by wearing a suit consisting of tight pants with silver buttons on the sides; a white shirt, a bow tie, a vest, and a short jacket. He wears a hat with a high crown and a wide brim, turned up in front.
Regional folklore,” as it encompasses historical, economic, and social dimensions, including the agricultural and livestock activities developed since the 16th century in western Mexico.
It is believed that as a result of the redistribution of land, large landowners had to leave their large estates to move to large cities, and that in an effort to maintain their identity, they encouraged traditional farm work to be elevated to the status of sport, in what we know today as charreadas.
The charro figure became established as a national symbol at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Mexican people could be imagined through the myth of mestizaje: a new ethnic character that served as a bridge between Creoles, Spaniards, and indigenous people. A wholly Mexican character, a “charro.”
Thus, this character—and in particular his stereotype, promoted by the national film industry—served as a link between post-revolutionary Mexico and a discourse based on nationalism, unity, and the search for unique identities.
We cannot forget that other connotation, derived from “political picaresque,” which refers to the union leader who, instead of addressing the needs of his constituents, favors the boss. Who hasn’t heard the expression or met a “charro leader”?
On this National Charro Day, and beyond the stereotypes and misuses that have been made of this word-turned-character, we must recognize the enormous social and cultural value it holds in the social imagination. Let us not forget that currently, charrería—as an equestrian tradition—is included in the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list.
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